Importance of Test Items and Exercises to Measurement
- Role of items in tests
o We employ items and exercises as sole source to excite mental processes that evoke a measured response – the raw info we evaluate.
- Difficulty in producing meritorious items and exercises
o Requires good writing, which is difficult
- Raw material needed for writing good test items
- Current sources for item preparation
Theory of Test Item Development
Practicalities: Item Types and Their Classification
- Examples
o Multiple choice
o True / false
o Completion
o Likert type statements
o Essay
o Performances
- Types
o Selected responses
o Constructed responses
- Definition of Test Items and Exercises
- Anatomy of an item
- Test Item Nomenclature
o Avoid using word question, as this implies an interrogative statement , many items and exercises are not so worded.
o Terms
§ Direction
§ Graphic
§ Text
§ Stem
§ Distractors
§ Correct Response
o Testlets as Item Format
§ Several questions share common info
Multiple Choice Items and Sophisticated Thinking Skills
Characteristics of Meritorious Test Items and Exercises
- Be congruent with key objectives or psychological constructs
- Have clearly defined key objectives or psychological constructs
- Contribute minimally to error in measurement
- Be presented in a format that is suitable to test goals
- Meet specified technical specifications
- Be well written and follow prescribed editorial standards
- Satisfy ethical and legal concerns
Techniques for Item Writing
- Considerations in Item Development
- Consolidated approach to test development
- Test content specifications
- Congruence of item or exercise to the specification
- More consideration for items
- Case against Lists of Dos and Don't's
Automatic Generation of Test Items and Exercises
- What is item generation
- Linguistic roots of item generation
GW Comments / Questions :
- How different is it preparing a test item vs a questionnaire question
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