Topic 10: Mortality : Revision Exercises

 

Arguments that time trends are real, not artifactual

-          trend steadily downwards

-          decline is dramatic

-          decline occurred for both groups

 

Improved Birth Registration

 

-          increase denominator

-          decrease infant mortality rate

 

Improved Death Registration

 

-          increase numerator

-          increase infant mortality rate

 

Reasons For Decline in Infant Mortality – early Period

 

-          elimination / reduction in infectious diseases

-          improved sanitation / sterile techniques

-          vaccinations / antibiotics

 

Reasons for Decline in Infant Mortality – later Period

 

-          hospital based technology

 

Hypothesis That Might Explain Differences in Infant Mortality B/ W

 

-          genetics

-          less access to medical care

-          lower socio economic

-          differences in recoding births / deaths

 

Crude Rate

 

-           percentage *  rate

 

 

Crude Mortality rate

 

Sex Specific Mortality Rate

 

Cause Specific Mortality rate  à  death from disease / total pop

 

Case fatality ratio à death from disease / total suffering from disease

 

Proportionate mortality rate  death from disease / total deaths

 

Standardised Mortality rate

-          observed total deaths in population, divided by expected deaths in pop, multiplied by 100.

 

standardized rate à includes indirect & direct.